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Paintless dent repair may be used on both aluminum and steel panels. Common practical uses for paintless dent repair is the repair of hail damage, door dings, creases, body/feature line dents, and minor collision damage. The method can also be utilized to prepare a damaged panel for repainting by minimizing the use of body filler.
In friction stir spot welding, individual spot welds are created by pressing a rotating tool with high force onto the top surface of two sheets that overlap each other in the lap joint. The frictional heat and the high pressure plastify the workpiece material, so that the tip of the pin plunges into the joint area between the two sheets and ...
Spot welding is typically used when welding particular types of sheet metal, welded wire mesh or wire mesh. Thicker stock is more difficult to spot weld because the heat flows into the surrounding metal more easily. Spot welding can be easily identified on many sheet metal goods, such as metal buckets.
When welding rails together using the Thermite process began at the start of the 20th century, a section of railhead approximately 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19 mm) long, also called a dutchman, was often placed between the sections being joined, with only the web and foot of the rail being new Thermite steel.
Weld mapping is the process of assigning information to a weld repair or joint to enable easy identification of weld processes, production (welders, their qualifications, date welded), quality (visual inspection, NDT, standards and specifications) and traceability (tracking weld joints and welded castings, the origin of weld materials).
Cold cracking—also known as delayed cracking, hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC), or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC)—is a type of defect that often develops after solidification of the weld when the temperature starts to drop from about 190 °C (375 °F); the phenomenon often arises at room temperature, and it can take up to 24 hours to appear even after complete cooling. [8]
Friction welding (FWR) is a solid-state welding and bonding process that generates heat through mechanical friction between workpieces in relative motion to one another. The process is used with the addition of a lateral force called "upset" to plastically displace and fuse the materials. [1]
Most weld purging is carried out on joints made by the TIG or GTAW arc welding process. [6] When the laser welding process is chosen, joints or welds being made on reactive materials will need to be carried out and in the case of electron beam welding, this is carried out in a vacuum, in which case purging takes place by complete evacuation of all gas.