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Jewish identity is the objective or subjective sense of perceiving oneself as a Jew and as relating to being Jewish. [1] It encompasses elements of nationhood, [2] [3] [4] ethnicity, [5] religion, and culture.
[17] [18] Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, [19] [20] as Judaism is their ethnic religion, [21] [22] though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. [23] [24] [25] Despite this, religious Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process. [23] [26]
This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. In the late 19th century, amid attempts to apply science to notions of race, the founders of Zionism (Theodor Herzl and Max Nordau, among others) sought to reformulate conceptions of Jewishness in terms of racial identity and the "race science" of the time. They believed that this concept would ...
In Israel, all Jews are defined as ethnic Jews, regardless if the individual was born Jewish or converted. [57] [58] Race, much like ethnicity, is not a concept found in traditional Judaism. The concept of a Jewish race is one that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries.
These laws deprived Jews of citizenship rights and prohibited sexual relations and marriage between any Aryan and Jew (such relations under Nazi ideology was a crime punishable under the race laws as Rassenschande or "racial pollution"). These laws established that on the basis of their race, all Jews, even quarter- and half-Jews, were no ...
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, [1] from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthoprax and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. [2]
The Nazis viewed Jews not just as a race but as an inferior and dangerous one. And they tried to eliminate Jews on precisely those grounds.
As opposed to the religion of Judaism and its formative role in shaping Jewish identity, and the slow formation of a sense of Jewish nationality from Ezra and Nehemiah down to the Hasmoneans [10] and onwards, [11] theories on the ethnic origins of Jews, and what constitutes ‘Jewish ness’ [12] [13] have been questioned and the traditional ...