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Jan Czochralski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjan t͡ʂɔˈxralskʲi]; 23 October 1885 – 22 April 1953) was a Polish chemist who invented the Czochralski method, which is used for growing single crystals and in the production of semiconductor wafers.
The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones.
Jan Czochralski is credited with inventing the Czochralski method. Drzewiecki in 1884 built the first submarine with electric battery-powered propulsion. Kazimierz Fajans discovered protactinium in 1913. Hilary Koprowski developed the world's first effective live polio vaccine.
In the semiconductor industry synthetic boules can be made by a number of methods, such as the Bridgman technique [2] and the Czochralski process, which result in a cylindrical rod of material. In the Czochralski process a seed crystal is required to create a larger crystal, or ingot. This seed crystal is dipped into the pure molten silicon and ...
Most true synthetic alexandrite is grown by the Czochralski method, known as “pulling”.Another method is a “floating zone”, developed in 1964 by an Armenian scientist Khachatur Saakovich Bagdasarov, of the Russian (former Soviet) Institute of Crystallography, Moscow.
Jan Czochralski, Polish chemist credited with inventing the Czochralski method, a technique of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold) and salts (1916). The method is still used in over 90 percent of all electronics in the ...
Other English words were indirectly derived from Polish via Russian, French, German or Dutch. The Polish words themselves often come from other languages, such as German or Turkish . Borrowings from Polish tend to be mostly words referring to staples of Polish cuisine , names of Polish folk dances or specialist, e.g. horse-related, terminology.
The Kyropoulos method, also known as the KY method or Kyropoulos technique, is a method of bulk crystal growth used to obtain single crystals.. The largest application of the Kyropoulos method is to grow large boules of single crystal sapphire used to produce substrates for the manufacture gallium nitride-based LEDs, and as a durable optical material.