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The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory first developed by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book Political Parties. [1] It asserts that rule by an elite, or oligarchy , is inevitable as an "iron law" within any democratic organization as part of the "tactical and technical necessities" of the organization.
[1] [2] He is best known for his book Political Parties, published in 1911, which contains a description of the "iron law of oligarchy." [3] [4] [5] He was a friend and disciple of Max Weber, Werner Sombart and Achille Loria.
Iron law of population, from Thomas Malthus' An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) Iron law of wages, from Ferdinand Lassalle's Subsistence theory of wages (mid 19th century) Iron law of oligarchy, from Michels' Political Parties; Iron law of processor performance, posited by Joel Emer; Iron law of prohibition, from Cohen's How the ...
WASHINGTON ― President Joe Biden delivered a vigorous defense of his record and warned of an American "oligarchy" in a primetime address from the Oval Office as he bid farewell to four years in ...
The iron law of oligarchy is based on the following logic. First, any large scale organization will necessitate the development of bureaucracy for efficient administration. [ 6 ] Such leaders will amass resources (superior knowledge control over the formal means of communication with the membership, and the skill in the art of politics) giving ...
President Biden used his farewell address from the Oval Office on Wednesday to warn Americans of an oligarchy taking shape in the U.S. while issuing warnings of other threats to the nation as he ...
Biden warned of an oligarchy taking shape in the US and a "tech industrial complex." He also said AI posed opportunities and risks and that the US must lead the way over China.
Michels argued that this amounted to an iron law of oligarchy: all groups, regardless of how democratic they may be at the start, eventually and inevitably develop into oligarchies with swollen bureaucracies. Michels himself, after falling out with the German Social Democrat Party, migrated to Italy and joined Mussolini's Fascist Party.