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Islamic taxes are taxes sanctioned by Islamic law. [1] They are based on both "the legal status of taxable land" and on "the communal or religious status of the taxpayer". [1] Islamic taxes include zakat - one of the five pillars of Islam. Only imposed on Muslims, it is generally described as a 2.5% tax on savings to be donated to the Muslim ...
Khums is the first Islamic tax, which was imposed in 2 AH/624 CE, [a] after the Battle of Badr. [3] It is separate from other Islamic taxes [ b ] such as zakat and jizya . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is treated differently in Sunni and Shia Islam ; key topics of debate include the types of wealth subject to khums, the methods of its collection and ...
After the Norman conquest of Sicily, taxes imposed on the Muslim minority were also called the jizya (locally spelled gisia). [215] This poll tax was a continuation of the jizya imposed on non-Muslims in the Emirate of Sicily and Bari by Islamic rulers of southern Italy, before the Norman conquest. [215]
The reforms of Umar II were finalized under the Abbasids and would thereafter form the model of tax systems in the Islamic state. [3] From that time on, kharaj was also used as a general term describing all kinds of taxes: for example, the classic treatise on taxation by the 9th century jurist Abu Yusuf was called Kitab al-Kharaj , i.e.
The Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam is the project of translating the Encyclopedia of Islam into Urdu. It was started in the 1950s at University of the Punjab, as a project led by Muhammad Shafi. [3] The editorial board worked on translating the Leiden Encyclopaedia into Urdu, amending, correcting, and adding to the Leiden text themselves. [4]
Beneficiaries of zakat include orphans, widowed, poor muslims, debt-ridden, travelers, zakat collectors, new converts to Islam, Islamic clergy. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Zakat is prescribed to cleanse the individual's wealth , heart, and baser characteristics in general, and to replace them with virtues.
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A supporter of Islamic economics describes a "major difficulty" faced by Islamic reformers of Islamic economics and pointed out by other authors, namely that because a financial system is an "integrated and coherent structure", to create an Islamic system "based on trust, community and no interest" requires "changes and interventions on several ...