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Pegylation prolongs the half-life of the bound protein, leading to sustained delivery. [4] [6] [7] [8] This is advantageous because lower, less frequent dosing will be needed to have the same therapeutic effect in the patient, which will limit the cytotoxicity of the delivery system. [6] [7] Pegfilgrastim is a successful example of this ...
Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In humans, interleukin 10 is encoded by the IL10 gene. [ 5 ] IL-10 signals through a receptor complex consisting of two IL-10 receptor-1 and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins. [ 6 ]
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [5] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity.
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL15 gene.IL-15 is an inflammatory cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Like IL-2, IL-15 binds to and signals through a complex composed of IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta chain and the common gamma chain (gamma-C, CD132).
[20] [21] IL-31 is a key cytokine at the pruritogenic receptors at neurons near the skin, and also induces peripheral blood mononuclear cells and keratinocytes to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. [16] Suppression of IL-4 and IL-13 causes a decrease of T h 2-cell differentiation, which plays a role in atopic dermatitis. [19]
IL-13Rα2 (which is labelled as a decoy receptor) is derived from Th2 cells and is a pleotropic immune regulatory cytokine. [11] IL-13 has greater affinity (50-times) to IL-13Rα2 than to IL-13Ra1. [11] The IL-13Rα2 subunit binds only to IL-13 and it exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms in mice. [11]
CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-γ.These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. [5] CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and ...
The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to bacteria, as well as cancer cells, parasitic worms, and also objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue. Many species have two major ...