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Stoicism considers all existence as cyclical, the cosmos as eternally self-creating and self-destroying (see also Eternal return). Stoicism does not posit a beginning or end to the Universe. [32] According to the Stoics, the logos was the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. It was conceived as material and ...
Zeno of Citium (/ ˈ z iː n oʊ /; Koinē Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitieus; c. 334 – c. 262 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium (Κίτιον, Kition), Cyprus. [3]
Modern Stoics advise practicing negative visualization daily at a set time, such as early in the morning or late at night. [ 7 ] [ 12 ] In the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Book II.I, the author recommends to himself that he performs the following negative visualization in the early morning:
1943 – Simone Weil starved herself to death (the technical cause of death was tuberculosis, possibly aggravated by malnutrition [11]) 1944 – Jean Cavaillès was shot by the Gestapo. 1944 – Marc Bloch was shot by the Gestapo for his work in the French Resistance. 1944 – Giovanni Gentile was murdered by communist partisans.
The essay contains Seneca’s Stoic philosophy, with particular attention to the inescapable reality of death. Although the essay is about a very personal matter, the essay itself doesn’t seem particularly empathetic to Polybius’ unique case, but rather a broader essay on grief and bereavement.
Apollodorus of Seleucia (Greek: Ἀπολλόδωρος; flourished c. 150 BC), or Apollodorus Ephillus, was a Stoic philosopher, and a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon. Apollodorus is famous for describing Cynicism as "the short path to virtue", [ 1 ] and he may have been the first Stoic after the time of Zeno and Aristo to systematically attempt ...
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Stoicism: A Very Short Introduction is a 2018 philosophy book by Brad Inwood. As part of the Very Short Introductions series published by Oxford University Press , it is aimed at the lay reader. Contents