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The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical one, once other causes for confusion or coma have been excluded; no test fully diagnoses or excludes it. Serum ammonia levels are elevated in 90% of people, but not all hyperammonaemia (high ammonia levels in the blood) is associated with encephalopathy.
Ascites (/ ə ˈ s aɪ t i z /; [5] Greek: ἀσκός, romanized: askos, meaning "bag" or "sac" [6]) is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen. [1] Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur. [4]
Pleural fluid causes symptoms far more easily than ascitic fluid, due to the lower volume of the pleural cavity as compared to the abdominal cavity. The main symptoms are usually related to the symptoms of liver cirrhosis and ascites. [4] Less often, it may be the only manifestation of chronic liver disease.
Signs and symptoms of alcoholic hepatitis include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity), fatigue and hepatic encephalopathy (brain dysfunction due to liver failure). [3] Mild cases are self-limiting, but severe cases have a high risk of death.
The symptoms are non-specific and vary widely, but it may present with the classical triad of: abdominal pain, ascites, and; liver enlargement. It is usually seen in younger adults, with the median age at diagnosis between 35 and 40 years, and it has a similar incidence in males and females. [2]
As cirrhosis progresses, symptoms may include neurological changes affecting both the peripheral and central nervous systems, disrupting the neurotransmission within the brain and causing neuromuscular fatigue. [13] [27] This can consist of cognitive impairments, confusion, memory loss, sleep disorders, and personality changes. [13]
About 80% of people who get migraine attacks will have prodrome symptoms, Singh says, "but they can be subtle. Not everybody will recognize it." Often, patients can only recognize their prodrome ...
This is a shortened version of the sixteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions. It covers ICD codes 780 to 799 . The full chapter can be found on pages 455 to 471 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.