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Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) exhibited aggression in almost 90 percent of their copulations, including when the females were not resisting. [13] A possible explanation for aggressive behaviors in primates is that it is a way for males to train females to be afraid of them and be more likely to surrender to future sexual advances. [1]
A 2008 study of two orangutans at the Leipzig Zoo showed orangutans may practise "calculated reciprocity", which involves an individual aiding another with the expectation of being paid back. Orangutans are the first nonhuman species documented to do so. [77]
Sumatran, Tapanuli and Bornean orangutans are killed at a high rate for many reasons, the most common being the trade of meat or because farmers believe they are a threat to their crops. [16] A survey conducted by experts in the field reported that orangutans were killed for both conflict and non-conflict related reasons. [ 17 ]
World Wildlife Fund explains that just a hundred years ago there were more than 230,000 orangutans in total and that those numbers have rapidly declined leaving only 100,000 Bornean orangutans left.
Chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans show laughter-like vocalizations in response to physical contact such as wrestling, play chasing or tickling. Some orangutans also react with laughter at magic tricks performed by humans. [3] [4] This behavior is documented in both wild and captive chimpanzees.
The individual can become a resource: food (cannibalism); a protective buffer against aggression, or a prop to obtain maternal experience. The form of exploitation in non-human primates most attributable to adult females is when non-lactating females take an infant from its mother (allomothering) and forcibly retain it until starvation.
A wounded orangutan was seen self-medicating with a plant known to relieve pain. It's the first time an animal has been observed applying medicine to a skin injury.
Great ape personhood is a movement to extend personhood and some legal protections to the non-human members of the great ape family: bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Advocates include primatologists Jane Goodall and Dawn Prince-Hughes , evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins , philosophers Paola Cavalieri and ...