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Human 'liver buds' (iPSC-LBs) were grown from a mixture of three different kinds of stem cells: hepatocyte (for liver function) coaxed from iPSCs; endothelial stem cells (to form lining of blood vessels) from umbilical cord blood; and mesenchymal stem cells (to form connective tissue).
The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, or MELD, is a scoring system for assessing the severity of chronic liver disease.It was initially developed to predict mortality within three months of surgery in patients who had undergone a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure, [1] and was subsequently found to be useful in determining prognosis and prioritizing for receipt of ...
WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP-1), [5] is a member of the CCN protein family and should correctly be referred to as CCN4 as suggested by the International CCN Society. [6] It is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the WISP1 gene .
Tumor promotion is a process in carcinogenesis by which various factors permit the descendants of a single initiated cell to survive and expand in number, i.e. to resist apoptosis and to undergo clonal growth. [1]
The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (aka LI-RADS) is a quality assurance tool created and trademarked by the American College of Radiology in 2011 to standardize the reporting and data collection of CT and MR imaging patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or primary cancer of the liver cells. [1]
Depending on the treatment algorithm, additional factors such as advanced liver disease (as classified by Child-Pugh score) or evidence of portal hypertension may also affect suitability for transplantation. [citation needed]
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein ( mRNA ), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA .
This process not only has the capabilities to inhibit gene expression, it can also increase the chance of mutations. Stephen Baylin observed that if promoter regions experience a phenomenon known as hypermethylation, it could result in later transcriptional errors, tumor suppressor gene silencing, protein misfolding, and eventually cancer growth.