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The mineral composition of manganese-bearing minerals is dependent on how the nodules are formed; sedimentary nodules, which have a lower Mn 2+ content than diagenetic, are dominated by Fe-vernadite, Mn-feroxyhyte, and asbolane-buserite while diagenetic nodules are dominated by buserite I, birnessite, todorokite, and asbolane-buserite. [18]
Groutite is a manganese oxide mineral with formula Mn 3+ O(OH). It is a member of the diaspore group and is trimorphous with manganite and feitknechtite. It forms lustrous black crystals in the orthorhombic system. It occurs in weathered banded iron formations, metamorphosed manganese ore bodies and hydrothermal ore environments. [2]
Nodule is also used for widely scattered concretionary lumps of manganese, cobalt, iron, and nickel found on the floors of the world's oceans. This is especially true of manganese nodules. Manganese and phosphorite nodules form on the seafloor and are syndepositional in origin. Thus, technically speaking, they are concretions instead of nodules ...
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Polymetallic nodules on the deep seabed in the CCZ Example of manganese nodule that can be found on the sea floor. Polymetallic nodules are found at depths of 4–6 km (2.5–3.7 mi) in all major oceans, but also in shallow waters like the Baltic Sea and in freshwater lakes. [23] [24] They are the most readily minable type of deep sea ore. [25]
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The unit cell has six manganese Mn 4+ sites and twelve oxygen O 2− sites constituting the octahedral framework. Mg and Al may substitute for Mn, and the tunnels contain large cations and water molecules. There is one formula unit per unit cell (Z = 1). [5] [6] [8] The side lengths are a = 9.8 Å, b = 2.8 Å and c = 9.6 Å, with angle β = 94. ...
Pyrolusite is a mineral consisting essentially of manganese dioxide (Mn O 2) and is important as an ore of manganese. [7] It is a black, amorphous appearing mineral, often with a granular, fibrous, or columnar structure, sometimes forming reniform crusts. It has a metallic luster, a black or bluish-black streak, and readily soils the fingers.