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Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation ...
The modern origins of urban planning lie in the movement for urban reform that arose as a reaction against the disorder of the industrial city in the mid-19th century. Many of the early influencers were inspired by anarchism , which was popular in the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. [ 5 ]
The first urban planning course in America was not established until 1924 at Harvard University. Professionals developed schemes for the development of land, transforming town planning into a new area of expertise. In the 20th century, urban planning was changed by the automobile industry. Car-oriented design impacted the rise of 'urban design'.
Rendering of a modern large-scale urban development in Kazan, Russia Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities , interact with the built environment . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning , a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to urban planning: . Urban planning – technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility.
Modern community planning developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as city governments and urban planners began to create centralized, comprehensive community plans such as the garden cities of Ebenezer Howard. [5] In this era, the rational planning model was the dominant way of approaching urban planning. [1]
Walkable, mixed use urban villages are encouraged over single-function blocks, linked by motor ways, and surrounded by parking lots. An abiding axiom of urban planning, urban design and city planning has been the promotion of people friendly places, pedestrian walkways and public domains where people can meet freely. These can be parks, gardens ...
Urban decay is a process by which a city, or a part of a city, falls into a state of disrepair and neglect.It is characterised by depopulation, economic restructuring, property abandonment, high unemployment, fragmented families, political disenfranchisement, crime, and desolate urban landscapes.