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A dihydroxyanthraquinone is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula (C 12 H 6 (OH) 2)(CO) 2, formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. Dihyroxyantraquinones have been studied since the early 1900s, and include some compounds of historical and current importance.
1,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 3 OH) 2 (CO) 2. It is one of several isomers of dihydroxyanthraquinone . An orange solid, it is a component of traditional Chinese medications. [ 3 ]
1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, also called quinizarin or Solvent Orange 86, is an organic compound derived from anthroquinone. Quinizarin is an orange or red-brown crystalline powder. It is formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups.
1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called quinizarin is a common hydroxyanthroquinone. [1] [2] In organic chemistry hydroxyanthraquinones refers to compounds with the formula C 12 H 8−n (OH) n (CO) 2 where n ≥ 1. Almost all hydroxyanthraquinones are derivative of 9,10-anthraquinone. [3] [4] [5]
They are also known as danger signals, and alarmins because they serve as warning signs to alert the organism to any damage or infection to its cells. DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that are discharged to the extracellular space in response to damage to the cell from mechanical trauma or a pathogen. [ 3 ]
1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, also called purpuroxanthin or xanthopurpurin, is an organic compound with formula C 14 H 8 O 4 that occurs in the plant Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder). [1] It is one of ten dihydroxyanthraquinone isomers.
The phosphorylated R-Smads then form complexes and the signals are funneled through two regulatory Smad (R-Smad) channels (Smad1/5/8 or Smad2/3). [6] [2] After the ligand-receptor complexes phosphorylate the cytoplasmic R-Smads, the signal is then sent through Smad 1/5/8 or Smad 2/3. This leads to the downstream signal cascade and cellular gene ...
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, the receptor, and the effector.