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The ellipsis (/ ə ˈ l ɪ p s ɪ s /, plural ellipses; from Ancient Greek: ἔλλειψις, élleipsis, lit. ' leave out ' [1]), rendered ..., alternatively described as suspension points [2]: 19 /dots, points [2]: 19 /periods of ellipsis, or ellipsis points, [2]: 19 or colloquially, dot-dot-dot, [3] [4] is a punctuation mark consisting of a series of three dots.
In linguistics, ' Verb phrase ellipsis ' (VP ellipsis or VPE) is a type of grammatical omission where a verb phrase is left out (elided) but its meaning can still be inferred from context. For example, " She will sell sea shells , and he will <sell sea shells> too " is understood as " She will sell sea shells, and he will sell sea shells too ...
Nominal ellipsis occurs with a limited set of determinatives in English (cardinal and ordinal numbers and possessive determiners), though it is much freer in other languages. The following examples illustrate nominal ellipsis with cardinal and ordinal numbers: Fred did three onerous tasks because Susan had done two onerous tasks.
The example sentence She gave the first talk on gapping, and he gave the first on stripping is the context, whereby the trees focus just on the structure of the noun phrase showing ellipsis. For each of the three theoretical possibilities, both a constituency-based representation (associated with phrase structure grammars ) and a dependency ...
Ellipsis is the narrative device of omitting a portion of the sequence of events, allowing the reader to fill in the narrative gaps. Aside from its literary use, the ellipsis has a counterpart in film production. It is there to suggest an action by simply showing what happens before and after what is observed.
- Verb phrase ellipsis with the comparative. The fact that the five independent ellipsis mechanisms (and possibly others) can occur in the than-clauses of comparatives has rendered the study of the syntax of comparatives particularly difficult. One is often not sure which ellipsis mechanisms are involved in a given than-clause. One thing is ...
Note the appearance of the additive particle too in these examples. Stripping is often marked by also, as well, or too. Notice also the appearance of the coordinator and or or. The coordinator's appearance marks coordination. Each time, the elided material appears in the non-initial conjunct of the coordinate structure.
In such cases, one says that the meaning is non-compositional. Non-compositional meaning can be captured in terms of catenae. The word combinations that assume non-compositional meaning form catenae (but not constituents): Both sentences a and b show that while the verb and its particle do not form a constituent, they do form a catena each time.