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  2. Minimum detectable signal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_detectable_signal

    A minimum detectable signal is a signal at the input of a system whose power allows it to be detected over the background electronic noise of the detector system. It can alternately be defined as a signal that produces a signal-to-noise ratio of a given value m at the output. In practice, m is usually chosen to be greater than unity.

  3. Detection limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection_limit

    Most analytical instruments produce a signal even when a blank (matrix without analyte) is analyzed.This signal is referred to as the noise level. The instrument detection limit (IDL) is the analyte concentration that is required to produce a signal greater than three times the standard deviation of the noise level.

  4. Maximum likelihood sequence estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_likelihood...

    Suppose that there is an underlying signal {x(t)}, of which an observed signal {r(t)} is available. The observed signal r is related to x via a transformation that may be nonlinear and may involve attenuation, and would usually involve the incorporation of random noise. The statistical parameters of this transformation are assumed to be known.

  5. List of programming languages for artificial intelligence

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming...

    Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that is popular in artificial intelligence. [1] It has a simple, flexible and easily readable syntax. [ 2 ] Its popularity results in a vast ecosystem of libraries , including for deep learning , such as PyTorch , TensorFlow , Keras , Google JAX .

  6. List of datasets for machine-learning research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_for...

    Various (filtering, language classification, adult-content detection and other labelling) 3.4 TB English text, 1.4 TB Chinese text, 1.1 TB Russian text, 595 MB German text, 431 MB French text, and data for 150+ languages (figures for version 23.01)

  7. Language identification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_identification

    Another technique, as described by Cavnar and Trenkle (1994) and Dunning (1994) is to create a language n-gram model from a "training text" for each of the languages. These models can be based on characters (Cavnar and Trenkle) or encoded bytes (Dunning); in the latter, language identification and character encoding detection are integrated ...

  8. List of algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algorithms

    An algorithm is fundamentally a set of rules or defined procedures that is typically designed and used to solve a specific problem or a broad set of problems.. Broadly, algorithms define process(es), sets of rules, or methodologies that are to be followed in calculations, data processing, data mining, pattern recognition, automated reasoning or other problem-solving operations.

  9. List of protein structure prediction software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protein_structure...

    Constituent amino-acids can be analyzed to predict secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure. This list of protein structure prediction software summarizes notable used software tools in protein structure prediction, including homology modeling, protein threading, ab initio methods, secondary structure prediction, and transmembrane helix and signal peptide prediction.