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Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions on one side (hemi-) of the face (-facial). [1] The facial muscles are controlled by the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve), which originates at the brainstem and exits the skull below the ear where it separates into five main branches.
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips, [1] which occurs following treatment with medication. [6] [7] Additional motor symptoms include chorea or athetosis. [1]
[citation needed] As initial stroke symptoms (numbness and tingling) dissipate, an imbalance in sensation causes these later syndromes, characterizing Dejerine–Roussy syndrome. Although some treatments exist, they are often expensive, chemically based, invasive, and only treat patients for some time before they need more treatment, called ...
Central facial palsy is the paralysis of the lower half of one side of the face. This condition is often caused by a stroke. This condition is often the result of damage of the upper motor neurons of the facial nerve. The facial motor nucleus contains ventral and dorsal areas that have lower motor neurons that supply the upper and lower face ...
If the forehead wrinkles normally, a diagnosis of central facial palsy is made, and the person should be evaluated for stroke. [7] Otherwise, the diagnosis is peripheral facial palsy, and its cause needs to be identified, if possible. Ramsey Hunt's syndrome causes pain and small blisters in the ear on the same side as the palsy.
a. unilateral facial sensorimotor symptoms (30% of patients) b. oropharyngolaryngeal manifestations (53% of patients) c. speech arrest (40% of patients), and d. hypersalivation (30% of patients) Hemifacial sensorimotor seizures are often entirely localized in the lower lip or spread to the ipsilateral hand. Motor manifestations are sudden ...