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  2. Phonemic restoration effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemic_restoration_effect

    Phonemic restoration effect is a perceptual phenomenon where under certain conditions, sounds actually missing from a speech signal can be restored by the brain and may appear to be heard. The effect occurs when missing phonemes in an auditory signal are replaced with a noise that would have the physical properties to mask those phonemes ...

  3. Articulatory phonetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatory_phonetics

    For example, when making a p sound, the lips come together tightly, blocking the air momentarily and causing a buildup of air pressure. The lips then release suddenly, causing a burst of sound. The place of articulation of this sound is therefore called bilabial, and the manner is called stop (also known as a plosive).

  4. Speech perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_perception

    Speech sounds do not strictly follow one another, rather, they overlap. [5] A speech sound is influenced by the ones that precede and the ones that follow. This influence can even be exerted at a distance of two or more segments (and across syllable- and word-boundaries). [5] Because the speech signal is not linear, there is a problem of ...

  5. Motor theory of speech perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_theory_of_speech...

    The activation of the motor areas occurs in terms of the phonemic features which link with the vocal track articulators that create speech gestures. [ 26 ] The perception of a speech sound is aided by pre-emptively stimulating the motor representation of the articulators responsible for its pronunciation .

  6. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...

  7. Phonemic contrast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemic_contrast

    Another example in English of a phonemic contrast would be the difference between leak and league; the minimal difference of voicing between [k] and [g] does lead to the two utterances being perceived as different words. On the other hand, an example that is not a phonemic contrast in English is the difference between [sit] and [siːt]. [1]

  8. Transphonologization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transphonologization

    A common example of transphonologization is umlaut. Germanic. In many Germanic languages around 500–700 AD, a sound change fronted a back vowel when an /i/ or /j/ followed in the next syllable. Typically, the /i/ or /j/ was then lost, leading to a situation where a trace of the original /i/ or /j/ remains in the fronted quality of the ...

  9. Speech segmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_segmentation

    Speech segmentation is the process of identifying the boundaries between words, syllables, or phonemes in spoken natural languages.The term applies both to the mental processes used by humans, and to artificial processes of natural language processing.