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The word "slate" is also used for certain types of object made from slate rock. It may mean a single roofing tile made of slate, or a writing slate , which was traditionally a small, smooth piece of the rock, often framed in wood, used with chalk as a notepad or notice board, and especially for recording charges in pubs and inns.
A diagram of various depositional environments. In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record.
QAPF diagram for the classification of plutonic rocks Devils Tower, United States, an igneous intrusion exposed when the surrounding softer rock eroded away. Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.
The term can also refer to the process by which waterborne minerals, such as calcium carbonate , iron oxide (hematite or limonite) or silica , replace organic material within the body of an organism that has died and was buried by sediments. [2] Mineralization may also refer to the product resulting from the process of mineralization.
Unconsolidated surficial materials may also be given a lithology. This is defined by grain size and composition and is often attached to an interpretation of how the unit formed. Surficial lithologies can be given to lacustrine, coastal, fluvial, aeolian, glacial, and recent volcanic deposits, among others
Triangular diagrams showing the aluminium (A), calcium (C) and iron (F) content of the main phases (dark dots) in metamorphic rocks in various facies. Thin grey lines are stable phase equilibria. Triangular diagrams showing the aluminium (A), iron (F) and magnesium (M) content of the main phases (dark dots and, when the composition can vary ...
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Conglomerate (/ k ən ˈ ɡ l ɒ m ər ɪ t /) is a sedimentary rock made up of rounded gravel-sized pieces of rock surrounded by finer-grained sediments (such as sand, silt, or clay). The larger fragments within conglomerate are called clasts, while the finer sediment surrounding the clasts is called the matrix.