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  2. Bacterial taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_taxonomy

    For the Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) the rank kingdom has not been used till 2024 [115] (although some authors referred to phyla as kingdoms [73]). The category of kingdom was included into the Bacteriological Code in November 2023, [ 116 ] the first four proposals ( Bacillati , Fusobacteriati , Pseudomonadati , Thermotogati ) were ...

  3. Cavalier-Smith's system of classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalier-Smith's_system_of...

    According to Hogg, this new classification scheme prevented "the unnecessary trouble of contending about their supposed natures, and of uselessly trying to distinguish the Protozoa from the Protophyta". In 1866, Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) proposed the name "Protista" for the primigenial kingdom and included bacteria in this third kingdom of life.

  4. Bacterial conjugation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_conjugation

    Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. [1] This takes place through a pilus. [2] [full citation needed] It is a parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria. Escherichia coli conjugating using F-pili. These long and robust ...

  5. Kingdom (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)

    Prokaryota have two kingdoms: Bacteria and Archaea. (This was based on the consensus in the Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea, and the Catalogue of Life). The Eukaryota have five kingdoms: Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. In this classification a protist is any of the eukaryotic unicellular organisms. [17]

  6. Three-domain system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-domain_system

    The three-domain system adds a level of classification (the domains) "above" the kingdoms present in the previously used five- or six-kingdom systems.This classification system recognizes the fundamental divide between the two prokaryotic groups, insofar as Archaea appear to be more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to other prokaryotes – bacteria-like organisms with no cell nucleus.

  7. Protist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist

    The five-kingdom model remained the accepted classification until the development of molecular phylogenetics in the late 20th century, when it became apparent that protists are a paraphyletic group from which animals, fungi and plants evolved, and the three-domain system (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) became prevalent. [201]

  8. Taxonomy (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)

    A small number of scientists include a sixth kingdom, Archaea, but do not accept the domain method. [68] Thomas Cavalier-Smith, who published extensively on the classification of protists, in 2002 [71] proposed that the Neomura, the clade that groups together the Archaea and Eucarya, would have evolved from Bacteria, more precisely from ...

  9. Taxonomy of Protista - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Protista

    The usage of higher-level taxon ranks (phylum and kingdom) is unstable, as it varies from one author to the next; [8] [9] as such, said ranks are generally omitted. The following cladogram shows the relationships between the major groups of protists, as well as the kingdoms of animals, plants and fungi, according to the most recent phylogenetic ...