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The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.
Science (History of science) ... Generalized exchange is a type of social exchange in which a ... network-generalized exchange limits the occurrence of this problem ...
The grand potential or Landau potential or Landau free energy is a quantity used in statistical mechanics, especially for irreversible processes in open systems. The grand potential is the characteristic state function for the grand canonical ensemble .
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) [1] is the ecological component of the more general Metabolic Scaling Theory [2] and Kleiber's law.It posits that the metabolic rate of organisms is the fundamental biological rate that governs most observed patterns in ecology.
The European Academies Science Advisory Council has formed a working group to examine the issues raised by gain-of-function research and to make recommendations for the management of such research and its outputs. [10] The possibility for developing common approaches between the United States and Europe has been explored. [65]
Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum grow well individually, but when they compete for the same resources, P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum.. Based on field observations, Joseph Grinnell formulated the principle of competitive exclusion in 1904: "Two species of approximately the same food habits are not likely to remain long evenly balanced in numbers in the same region.
[12] The maximum upper limit on proton lifetime (if unstable), is calculated at 6×10 39 years for SUSY models and 1.4×10 36 years for minimal non-SUSY GUTs. [ 13 ] The gauge coupling strengths of QCD, the weak interaction and hypercharge seem to meet at a common length scale called the GUT scale and equal approximately to 10 16 GeV (slightly ...