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These effects are similar to the more severe form of violence. [65] Corporal punishment is associated with physical injury and abuse, it erodes parent-child relationships, reduces cognitive abilities and IQ scores, leads to mental health problems including depression and anxiety, and it increases adult aggression and anti-social behaviors. [66]
The effects of spanking were indistinguishable from the effects of physical abuse on child development outcomes. [10] [11] [12] Gershoff has argued that corporal punishment as a form of discipline fails to teach children why their behavior was wrong nor does it teach them what the appropriate behavior should have been.
Other adverse effects, such as depression, anxiety, elevated risks of suicide, and increased risks of physical abuse, have also been consistently linked to the use of corporal punishment, including low-frequency corporal punishment and mild forms of corporal punishment such as spanking at buttocks or extremities without an object by parents.
Although there is literature on the effects of parental use of corporal punishment on health and school performance, corporal punishment in schools has been understudied. There are correlational studies that linked the use of corporal punishment in schools with detrimental physical and psychological effects on children, and also provide ...
There are also many adverse physical, mental, and emotional effects correlated with spanking and other forms of corporal punishment, including various physical injuries, increased anxiety, depression, and antisocial behavior. [1] [13] [14] Adults who were spanked during their childhood are more likely to abuse their children and spouse. [1]
Some side effects can reach into adulthood as well such as antisocial behavior and support for punishment that involves physical force such as spanking. [11] Punishment is more effective in increasing cooperation in high-trust societies than low-trust societies. [12]
1937 cartoon in Boys' Life. Washing out the mouth with soap is a traditional form of physical punishment that consists of placing soap, or a similar cleaning agent, inside a person's mouth so that the person will taste it, inducing what most people consider an unpleasant experience.
Corporal punishment of minors in the United States, meaning the infliction of physical pain or discomfort by parents or other adult guardians, including in some cases school officials, [1] for purposes of punishing unacceptable attitude, is subject to varying legal limits, depending on the state.