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The first tide predicting machine (TPM) was built in 1872 by the Légé Engineering Company. [11] A model of it was exhibited at the British Association meeting in 1873 [12] (for computing 8 tidal components), followed in 1875-76 by a machine on a slightly larger scale (for computing 10 tidal components), was designed by Sir William Thomson (who later became Lord Kelvin). [13]
Assuming the factors for a location are known, configuring the machine to compute tides for the location requires 2.5–4 hours. Predictions for a year’s tides at that location can then be produced in 8–15 hours. [6] The calculations Tide-Predicting Machine No. 2 can perform in 1 day would require a person 125 days to perform by hand. [2]
But Ramsay accepted Force four winds (13–18 mph or 21–29 km/h), and had on 4 June labelled worse sea conditions "unpromising but not prohibitive". And OB West and the Luftwaffe used tides for the Pas-de-Calais rather than the different tides for Normandy. German maritime patrols out of Cherbourg had been cancelled because of the weather. [74]
In 1924, he studied the effects of wind and atmospheric pressure on tides. [1] In 1928, he published a paper on tide analysis and a paper on tidal currents from observations in slack water. [1] Doodson devised a practical system for specifying the different harmonic components of the tide-generating potential, the Doodson numbers.
The calculations of tide predictions using the harmonic constituents are laborious, and from the 1870s to about the 1960s they were carried out using a mechanical tide-predicting machine, a special-purpose form of analog computer. More recently digital computers, using the method of matrix inversion, are used to determine the tidal harmonic ...
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Technology played a significant role in World War II.Some of the technologies used during the war were developed during the interwar years of the 1920s and 1930s, much was developed in response to needs and lessons learned during the war, while others were beginning to be developed as the war ended.
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