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Ginseng (/ ˈ dʒ ɪ n s ɛ ŋ /) [1] is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.
The Panax genus belongs to the Araliaceae [1] (ivy) family. Panax species are characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin. Panax is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian and east North American distribution. [2]
Panax ginseng, ginseng, [2] also known as Asian ginseng, [2] [3] Chinese ginseng [2] [3] or Korean ginseng, [2] [3] [4] is a species of plant whose root is the original source of ginseng. It is a perennial plant that grows in the mountains of East Asia. [5] [6] Panax ginseng is primarily cultivated in Korea.
Panax trifolius, commonly called dwarf ginseng, is a plant native to the Northeastern and Appalachian regions of North America. It is found in low mesic woods with acidic soils. [1] It produces an umbel of white flowers in late spring. This species was used for traditional medicine by Native Americans. [2]
Ginseng is also grown under forest-based, wild-simulated conditions, which require 6–10 years (or more) before harvest. [69] Based solely on yield, forest farming may be 1/10 as productive as commercial cultivation. [39] American ginseng is commercially cultivated in Canada (60%), United States (30%), and China (7%). [70]
Panax notoginseng is a species of the genus Panax, and it is commonly referred to in English as Chinese ginseng [2] or notoginseng. In Chinese it is called tiánqī , tienchi ginseng, sānqī or sanchi, three-seven root, and mountain plant. P. notoginseng belongs to the same scientific genus as Panax ginseng.
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Ginseng root is the most widely sold traditional Chinese medicine. The name "ginseng" is used to refer to both American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian or Korean ginseng , which belong to the species Panax and have a similar chemical makeup. Siberian ginseng or Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is another type of plant. Asian ginseng has a ...