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At room temperature, fluorine is a gas of diatomic molecules, [5] ... In compounds, fluorine almost exclusively assumes an oxidation state of −1. Fluorine in F
Henri Moissan's 1892 record of fluorine gas color, viewed end-on in a 5‑m tube. Air (1) is on the left, fluorine (2) is in the middle, chlorine (3) is on the right. Fluorine forms diatomic molecules (F 2) that are gaseous at room temperature with a density about 1.3 times that of air.
The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups 1 and 15, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state. [n 1] All of the halogens form acids when bonded to ...
Due to strong and extensive hydrogen bonding, it boils near room temperature, a much higher temperature than other hydrogen halides. Hydrogen fluoride is an extremely dangerous gas, forming corrosive and penetrating hydrofluoric acid upon contact with moisture. The gas can also cause blindness by rapid destruction of the corneas.
Cyanogen fluoride (molecular formula: FCN; IUPAC name: carbononitridic fluoride) is an inorganic linear compound which consists of a fluorine in a single bond with carbon, and a nitrogen in a triple bond with carbon. It is a toxic and explosive gas at room temperature.
It is an extremely strong oxidant and decomposes into oxygen and fluorine even at −160 °C (113 K) at a rate of 4% per day — its lifetime at room temperature is thus extremely short. [1] Dioxygen difluoride reacts vigorously with nearly every chemical it encounters (including ordinary ice ) leading to its onomatopoeic nickname FOOF (a play ...
The direct reaction of hydrocarbons with fluorine gas can be dangerously reactive, so the temperature may need to be lowered even to −150 °C (−240 °F). [115] " Solid fluorine carriers", compounds that can release fluorine upon heating, notably cobalt trifluoride , [ 116 ] may be used instead, or hydrogen fluoride.
Among the hexatomic interhalogens, IF 5 has a higher boiling point (97 °C) than BrF 5 (40.5 °C), although both compounds are liquids at room temperature. The interhalogen IF 7 can be formed by reacting palladium iodide with fluorine. [1]