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SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
As of October 2012, CNSSP-15 [4] stated that the 256-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-256, and AES with 128-bit keys are sufficient for protecting classified information up to the Secret level, while the 384-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-384, and AES with 256-bit keys are necessary for the protection of Top ...
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Algorithm for computing a condensed representation of information FIPS PUB 180-4: Use SHA-384 or SHA-512 for all classification levels. Leighton-Micali Signature (LMS) Asymmetric algorithm for digitally signing firmware and software NIST SP 800-208: All parameters approved for all classification levels. SHA256/192 ...
BLAKE was submitted to the NIST hash function competition by Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, and Raphael C.-W. Phan. In 2008, there were 51 entries. BLAKE made it to the final round consisting of five candidates but lost to Keccak in 2012, which was selected for the SHA-3 algorithm.
This process produces a short fingerprint which can be used to authenticate a much larger public key. For example, whereas a typical RSA public key will be 2048 bits in length or longer, typical MD5 or SHA-1 fingerprints are only 128 or 160 bits in length. When displayed for human inspection, fingerprints are usually encoded into hexadecimal ...
SHA-3 (Secure Hash Algorithm 3) is the latest [4] member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015. [5] [6] [7] Although part of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2.