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The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include cancer ...
It also is the target of vismodegib, the first hedgehog pathway inhibitor to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [8] Smoothened (Smo) is a key transmembrane protein that is a key component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, a cell-cell communication system critical for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis.
The classical Hedgehog signaling pathway involves glycoproteins that are secreted by cells into the intercellular space. Multiple such glycoproteins have been characterized: Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Indian Hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert Hedgehog (Dhh). [16] Among these, Shh is the most potent.
Indian hedgehog homolog (Drosophila), also known as IHH, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IHH gene. [5] [6] [7] This cell signaling protein is in the hedgehog signaling pathway.
Patched (Ptc) is a conserved 12-pass transmembrane protein receptor that plays an obligate negative regulatory role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway in insects and vertebrates. Patched is an essential gene in embryogenesis for proper segmentation in the fly embryo, mutations in which may be embryonic lethal.
Smoothened agonist (SAG) was one of the first small-molecule agonists developed for the protein Smoothened, [1] a key part of the hedgehog signaling pathway, which is involved in brain development as well as having a number of other functions in the body.
Hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHIP gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This gene encodes a protein similar to the mouse hedgehog interacting protein, a regulatory component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway .
The Wingless protein in Drosophila, which is crucial to the embryogenesis of the fruit fly, and acts through the Wnt signaling pathway.; The Patched receptor protein of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which production acts as a negative feedback, since the resulting increase in Patched protein on the cell surface inhibits the Hedgehog pathway.