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  2. John Ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ray

    Ray himself published an account of his foreign travel in 1673, entitled Observations topographical, moral, and physiological, made on a Journey through part of the Low Countries, Germany, Italy, and France. From this tour Ray and Willughby returned laden with collections, on which they meant to base complete systematic descriptions of the ...

  3. Vascular cambium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_cambium

    Auxin also regulates the two types of cell in the vascular cambium, ray and fusiform initials. Regulation of these initials ensures the connection and communication between xylem and phloem is maintained for the translocation of nourishment and sugars are safely being stored as an energy resource.

  4. Outline of cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cell_biology

    Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.

  5. Medullary ray (botany) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_ray_(botany)

    A ray appears diagonally, from top left to bottom middle. Medullary rays , also known as vascular rays or pith rays , are cellular structures found in some species of wood . They appear as radial planar structures, perpendicular to the growth rings, which are visible to the naked eye.

  6. Tree of life (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)

    Edward Hitchcock's fold-out paleontological chart in his 1840 Elementary Geology. Although tree-like diagrams have long been used to organise knowledge, and although branching diagrams known as claves ("keys") were omnipresent in eighteenth-century natural history, it appears that the earliest tree diagram of natural order was the 1801 "Arbre botanique" (Botanical Tree) of the French ...

  7. Aster (cell biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster_(cell_biology)

    This diagram depicts the organization of a typical mitotic spindle found in animal cells. Chromosomes are attached to kinetochore microtubules via a multiprotein complex called the kinetochore.

  8. Near-infrared window in biological tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-infrared_window_in...

    The absorption spectrum of water in the range from 250 to 1000 nm is shown in Figure 2. Although absorption is rather low in this spectral range, it still contributes to the overall attenuation of tissue. Figure 3: The molar extinction coefficients of eumelanin and pheomelanin. [5]

  9. Photosynthetically active radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active...

    Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) spans the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from 400 to 700 nanometers. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis.