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The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document considered a foundational milestone in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom. John was the youngest son of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was nicknamed John Lackland (Norman: Jean sans Terre, lit.
Magna Carta Cotton MS. Augustus II. 106, one of four surviving exemplifications of the 1215 text Created 1215 ; 810 years ago (1215) Location Two at the British Library ; one each in Lincoln Castle and in Salisbury Cathedral Author(s) John, King of England His barons Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury Purpose Peace treaty Full text Magna Carta at Wikisource Part of the Politics series ...
Below the Salt (1957) by Thomas B. Costain depicts the First Baron's War and John's signing of Magna Carta. [10] John is a character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which dramatises Henry II's struggles with his wife and sons over the rule of his empire.
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame li Mareschal, [1] French: Guillaume le Maréchal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman during High Medieval England [2] who served five English kings: Henry II and his son and co-ruler Young Henry, Richard I, John, and finally Henry III.
Stephen Langton (c. 1150 – 9 July 1228) was an English cardinal of the Catholic Church and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1207 until his death in 1228. The dispute between King John of England and Pope Innocent III over his election was a major factor in the crisis which produced the Magna Carta in 1215.
John's defeat weakened his authority in England, and his barons forced him to agree to Magna Carta in 1215, which limited royal power. Both sides failed to abide by the terms of Magna Carta, leading to the First Barons' War, in which rebellious barons invited Prince Louis, the husband of Blanche, Henry II's granddaughter, to invade England. [39]
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (French: Guillaume le Maréchal) (1190 – 6 April 1231) was a medieval English nobleman and was one of the sureties of Magna Carta. He fought during the First Barons' War and was present at the Battle of Lincoln (1217) alongside his father William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , who led the English troops ...
1215: The Year of Magna Carta has received positive reviews from several critics and historians. Journalist Christina Hardyment, positively rating the book's global coverage and depth, expresses surprise on learning that King John used glasses to read and sign Magna Carta properly. [3]