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A Cochrane Review concluded that although metoprolol reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence, it is unclear whether the long-term benefits outweigh the risks. [33] This medicine may cause changes in blood sugar levels or cover up signs of low blood sugar, such as a rapid pulse rate. [32]
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
[41] [42] [43] Several studies have proposed that bisphosphonates cause excessive reduction of bone turnover, resulting in a higher risk of bone necrosis when repair is needed. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] [ 46 ] It is also thought that bisphosphonates bind to osteoclasts and interfere with the remodeling mechanism in bone.
The mechanism by which RA causes this increased risk remains unknown; the presence of chronic inflammation has been proposed as a contributing factor. [207] It is possible that the use of new biologic drug therapies extend the lifespan of people with RA and reduce the risk and progression of atherosclerosis. [ 208 ]
Arthralgia (from Greek arthro- ' joint ' and -algos ' pain ') literally means 'joint pain'. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Specifically, arthralgia is a symptom of injury , infection , illness (in particular arthritis ), or an allergic reaction to medication .
A wide range of symptoms can indicate if a person has polymyalgia rheumatica. The classic symptoms include: [2] [11] Pain and stiffness (moderate to severe) in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, thighs, and hips, which inhibits activity, especially in the morning, but which usually persists to some degree throughout the day.
The exact cause is unclear. A combination of consistent findings on physical examination, the presence of anti HMG-CoA reductase antibodies in a person with myopathy, evidence of muscle breakdown, and muscle biopsy diagnose SAAM. [3] Treatment involves stopping the associated statin medication and taking medication to suppress the immune system.
exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis Exertional rhabdomyolysis ( ER ) is the breakdown of muscle from extreme physical exertion. It is one of many types of rhabdomyolysis that can occur, and because of this, the exact prevalence and incidence are unclear.