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Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding [1] [2] and animal breeding. [3] [4] In the broad sense, molecular breeding can be defined as the use of genetic manipulation performed at the level of DNA to improve traits of interest in plants and animals, and it may also include genetic engineering or gene manipulation, molecular marker-assisted ...
Farmers have manipulated plants and animals through selective breeding for decades of thousands of years in order to create desired traits. In the 20th century, a surge in technology resulted in an increase in agricultural biotechnology through the selection of traits like the increased yield, pest resistance, drought resistance, and herbicide resistance.
Certain restrictions caused the mechanisms for self-fertilization (partial and full self-fertilization) to develop in a number of plant species. Some of the reasons why a self-fertilizing method of reproduction is so effective are the efficacy of reproduction, as well as decreasing genetic variation and thus the fixation of highly adapted ...
Molecular biology techniques are common methods used in molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics and biophysics which generally involve manipulation and analysis of DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid Wikimedia Commons has media related to Molecular biology techniques .
Human-directed genetic manipulation began with the domestication of plants and animals through artificial selection in about 12,000 BC. [1]: 1 Various techniques were developed to aid in breeding and selection. Hybridization was one way rapid changes in an organism's genetic makeup could be introduced. Crop hybridization most likely first ...
For example, DArT has been used to conduct genome-wide analysis among Musa species, which includes bananas and plantains, which led to the development of a phylogenetic cladogram based on genetic markers derived from DArT techniques. These developments enhance breeding knowledge to obtain desirable yields and products. [3]
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection (MAS) is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker (morphological, biochemical or DNA/RNA variation) linked to a trait of interest (e.g. productivity, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality), rather than on the trait itself.
In summary, high molecular weight DNAs are extracted and digested using a specific RE previously defined by cutting frequently [7] in the major repetitive fraction of the genome. ApeKI is the most used RE. Barcode adapters are then ligated to sticky ends and PCR amplification is performed. Next-generation sequencing technology is performed ...