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The bone destruction patterns that occur as a result of periodontal disease generally take on characteristic forms. This X-ray film displays a horizontal defect . This X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, #21 and #22: the lower left first premolar and canine, exhibiting severe bone loss of 30-50%.
The blue arrow, in the middle, shows up to 80% bone loss on tooth No. 21, and clinically, this tooth exhibited gross mobility. Finally, the peach oval , to the left, highlights the aggressive nature with which periodontal disease generally affects mandibular incisors.
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
There may be an appearance of "arc-shaped loss of alveolar bone extending from the distal surface of the second premolar to the mesial surface of the second molar". [38] In GAP, generalized bone destruction is present that ranges from mild crestal bone resorption to severe alveolar bone destruction, depending on the severity of the disease. [38]
Tooth ankylosis refers to a fusion between a tooth and underlying bony support tissues. In some species, this is a normal process that occurs during the formation or maintenance of the dentition. [1] By contrast, in humans tooth ankylosis is pathological, whereby a fusion between alveolar bone and the cementum of a tooth occurs.
Tooth mobility is the horizontal or vertical displacement of a tooth beyond its normal physiological boundaries [1] around the gingival (gum) area, i.e. the medical term for a loose tooth. Tooth loss implies in loss of several orofacial structures, such as bone tissues, nerves, receptors and muscles and consequently, most orofacial functions ...