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  2. Hundred-dollar, Hundred-digit Challenge problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred-dollar,_Hundred...

    The Hundred-dollar, Hundred-digit Challenge problems are 10 problems in numerical mathematics published in 2002 by Nick Trefethen . A $100 prize was offered to whoever produced the most accurate solutions, measured up to 10 significant digits. The deadline for the contest was May 20, 2002.

  3. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    ⁠ 50 / 100 ⁠ × ⁠ 40 / 100 ⁠ = 0.50 × 0.40 = 0.20 = ⁠ 20 / 100 ⁠ = 20%. It is not correct to divide by 100 and use the percent sign at the same time; it would literally imply division by 10,000. For example, 25% = ⁠ 25 / 100 ⁠ = 0.25, not ⁠ 25% / 100 ⁠, which actually is ⁠ 25 ⁄ 100 / 100 ⁠ = 0.0025.

  4. Percent sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent_sign

    English style guides prescribe writing the percent sign following the number without any space between (e.g. 50%). [sources 1] However, the International System of Units and ISO 31-0 standard prescribe a space between the number and percent sign, [8] [9] [10] in line with the general practice of using a non-breaking space between a numerical value and its corresponding unit of measurement.

  5. A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Million_Random_Digits...

    Lines 10580–10594, columns 21–40, from A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates. A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates is a random number book by the RAND Corporation, originally published in 1955.

  6. Per mille - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_mille

    [5] [6] The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille. [7] [4] The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN. [5] There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at U+0609 ؉ ARABIC-INDIC PER ...

  7. Positional notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation

    A digit's value is the digit multiplied by the value of its place. Place values are the number of the base raised to the n th power, where n is the number of other digits between a given digit and the radix point .

  8. Rounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding

    With decimal arithmetic, final digits of 0 and 5 are avoided; if there is a choice between numbers with the least significant digit 0 or 1, 4 or 5, 5 or 6, 9 or 0, then the digit different from 0 or 5 shall be selected; otherwise, the choice is arbitrary. IBM defines that, in the latter case, a digit with the smaller magnitude shall be selected ...

  9. Digit sum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_sum

    Digit sums and digital roots can be used for quick divisibility tests: a natural number is divisible by 3 or 9 if and only if its digit sum (or digital root) is divisible by 3 or 9, respectively. For divisibility by 9, this test is called the rule of nines and is the basis of the casting out nines technique for checking calculations.