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Parten recognized six different types of play: Unoccupied (play) – when the child is not playing, just observing. A child may be standing in one spot or performing random movements. [2] Solitary (independent) play – when the child is alone and maintains focus on its activity. Such a child is uninterested in or is unaware of what others are ...
Sara Smilansky (Hebrew: שרה סמילנסקי; January 28, 1922, [1] Jerusalem, Israel [2] – December 5, 2006 [3]) was a professor at Tel Aviv University in Israel and was a senior researcher for The Henrietta Szold Institute: The National Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences for the Ruth Bressler Center for Research in Education. [4]
Joint attention and symbolic play in young children with autism: A randomized controlled intervention study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47 , 611–620. Kasari, C., & Lawton, K. (2010).
Children's increase in playing and pretending takes place in this stage. The child still has trouble seeing things from different points of view. The children's play is mainly categorized by symbolic play and manipulating symbols. Such play is demonstrated by the idea of checkers being snacks, pieces of paper being plates, and a box being a table.
The children in the second study group also watched an experimenter hide a large doll in the life-sized room; however, they were then convinced that a machine could shrink the life-size room into the model room. The first study group performed the symbolic task, which required dual representation.
Symbolic play with specific props or themes is based on exposure therapy techniques and can help children overcome traumatic experiences. [3] Contingency play is an important activity in helping traumatized children feel empowered, [4] and the therapeutic value of separation games such as peek-a-boo has been recognized for decades. [5]
Learning through play is a term used in education and psychology to describe how a child can learn to make sense of the world around them. Through play children can develop social and cognitive skills, mature emotionally, and gain the self-confidence required to engage in new experiences and environments.
The seminal text in the field of play studies is the book Homo Ludens first published in 1944 with several subsequent editions, in which Johan Huizinga defines play as follows: [2]: 13 Summing up the formal characteristic of play, we might call it a free activity standing quite consciously outside "ordinary" life as being "not serious" but at ...