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The art of the Middle Ages was mainly religious, reflecting the relationship between God and man, created in His image. The animal often appears confronted or dominated by man, but a second current of thought stemming from Saint Paul and Aristotle, which developed from the 12th century onwards, includes animals and humans in the same community of living creatures.
The serpent, or snake, is one of the oldest and most widespread mythological symbols.The word is derived from Latin serpens, a crawling animal or snake.Snakes have been associated with some of the oldest rituals known to humankind [1] [2] and represent dual expression [3] of good and evil.
The symbol of perhaps the widest distribution is the Ichthys (Greek: ΙΧΘΥΣ, fish), used since the second century as an acronym for "Ίησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ" (Iesous Christos, Theou Huios, Soter), meaning "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour". [2]
(In the New Testament as well, ravens are used by Jesus as an illustration of God's provision in Luke 12:24.) Philo of Alexandria (first century AD), who interpreted the Bible allegorically, stated that Noah's raven was a symbol of vice, whereas the dove was a symbol of virtue (Questions and Answers on Genesis 2:38).
Ancient Egyptian pharaohs wore hawk feathers and headdresses to symbolize Ra, the sun god, who took the form of a hawk. Hawks were believed to be mediators between gods and humans, guiding souls ...
The serpent was a symbol of evil power and chaos from the underworld as well as a symbol of fertility, life, healing, and rebirth. [ 2 ] Nāḥāš ( נחש ), Hebrew for "snake", is also associated with divination , including the verb form meaning "to practice divination or fortune-telling".
The Horses of Neptune, illustration by Walter Crane, 1893.. Horse symbolism is the study of the representation of the horse in mythology, religion, folklore, art, literature and psychoanalysis as a symbol, in its capacity to designate, to signify an abstract concept, beyond the physical reality of the quadruped animal.
The purpose of the ritual is the atonement of the man's sins as the animal symbolically receives them; Jewish scholars in the ninth century wrote that, as symbolized by the Hebrew word gever or geber [69] meaning both "man" and "rooster", the rooster may serve as a religious vessel in place of man.