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Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a psychological school of thought that was a direct outgrowth of Darwinian thinking which focuses attention on the utility and purpose of behavior that has been modified over years of human existence. [1]
Francis Wayland Parker (October 9, 1837 – March 2, 1902) was a pioneer of the progressive school movement in the United States. He believed that education should include the complete development of an individual — mental, physical, and moral.
In the philosophy of mind, functionalism is the thesis that each and every mental state (for example, the state of having a belief, of having a desire, or of being in pain) is constituted solely by its functional role, which means its causal relation to other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs. [1]
A Working Peace System (1943) The Road to Security (1944) American Interpretations (1946) World Unity and the Nations (1950) Marx Against the Peasant: A Study in Social Dogmatism (1951) Food and Freedom (1954) The Prospect of European Integration: Federal or Functional, Journal of Common Market Studies, 1965; The Functional Theory of Politics ...
The basic work of the school is Dansk Funktionel Grammatik (Danish Functional Grammar) by Harder (2006). Recent developments in the school include Ole Nedergaard Thomsen’s Functional Discourse Pragmatics. In the following the two stages of the Copenhagen School will be described as 1. The glossematic school and 2. Danish functional linguistics.
There are two types of functional systems: System of the first type provide homeostasis due to internal (existing) resources of the body, inside its boundaries (e.g. blood pressure). System of a second type supports homeostasis due to a change of behavior, interaction with the outside world and are the basis of different types of behavior.
The term 'functionalism' or 'functional linguistics' became controversial in the 1980s with the rise of a new wave of evolutionary linguistics. Johanna Nichols argued that the meaning of 'functionalism' had changed, and the terms formalism and functionalism should be taken as referring to generative grammar, and the emergent linguistics of Paul Hopper and Sandra Thompson, respectively; and ...
Functionalism may refer to: Functionalism (aesthetics), a doctrine declaring that only objects based on utility and economy can be beatiful Functionalism (architecture), the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building; Functionalism in international relations, a theory that arose during the inter-War ...