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Influenza virus nomenclature (for a Fujian flu virus) Influenza viruses comprise four species, each the sole member of its own genus. The four influenza genera comprise four of the seven genera in the family Orthomyxoviridae. They are: [1] [18] Influenza A virus, genus Alphainfluenzavirus; Influenza B virus, genus Betainfluenzavirus
Influenza A viruses are further classified, based on the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA or H) and neuraminidase (NA or N). 18 HA subtypes (or serotypes) and 11 NA subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated in nature. Among these, the HA subtype 1-16 and NA subtype 1-9 are found in wild waterfowl and shorebirds and the HA ...
Influenza A virus (Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae) [1] or IAV is the only species of the genus Alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. [2] It is a pathogen with strains that infect birds and some mammals, as well as causing seasonal flu in humans. [3]
The ancestor of influenza viruses A and B and the ancestor of influenza virus C are estimated to have diverged from a common ancestor around 8,000 years ago. Influenza viruses A and B are estimated to have diverged from a single ancestor around 4,000 years ago, while the subtypes of influenza A virus are estimated to have diverged 2,000 years ...
Cold and flu. The viruses that cause the common cold and seasonal influenza are some of the most common viruses on the planet but there’s still a lot scientists are still learning about them.
Pigs can harbor influenza viruses adapted to humans and others that are adapted to birds, allowing the viruses to exchange genes and create a pandemic strain. A 2007 study reported: "In swine, three influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2) are circulating throughout the world. In the United States, the classic H1N1 subtype was ...
To unambiguously describe a specific isolate of virus, researchers use the Influenza virus nomenclature, [21] which describes, among other things, the subtype, year, and place of collection. Some examples include: [22] A/Rio de Janeiro/62434/2021 (H3N2). [22] The starting A indicates that the virus is an influenza A virus.
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms. Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause.