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The first Australian mining laws were enacted in 1851. [1] Before that, ownership of minerals and petroleum passed to those who were granted title to land by the colonial governors according to common law concepts, except the right to "Royal Mines" (the precious metals of gold and silver) which remained vested in the Crown by virtue of Royal prerogative.
25th Anniversary of the Surface Mining Law: A report on the protection and restoration of the nation's land and water resources under the Surface Mining Law, Office of Surface Mining, 2003. Available at OSM website. Green, Edward. State and Federal Roles Under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, 21 S. Ill. U. L.J. 531 (1997)
The Mineral Resources Act 1989 established a centralised Mining Wardens Court as a court of record, with regional offices under the supervision of mining registrars. However, the Land and Resources Tribunal Act 1999 abolished the Mining Wardens Court with effect from 2001 and transferred its jurisdiction to the Land and Resources Tribunal. [3]
Prior to the Atlas series, there were dated maps without text or indexes.. 1906 [2] The 1906 map created by Maitland Brown was a major accomplishment to tie in the range of mineral fields and administrative issues regarding mining in the state, when technology had not conquered distances and logistic issues in updating information about discoveries or mines.
The Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (DEMIRS) is a department of the Government of Western Australia.The department was formed on 1 July 2017, out of the former Department of Mines and Petroleum and Department of Commerce.
Mining law is the branch of law relating to the legal requirements affecting minerals and mining. Mining law covers several basic topics, including the ownership of the mineral resource and who can work them. Mining is also affected by various regulations regarding the health and safety of miners, as well as the environmental impact of mining.
Prest, Wilfred. "The British Coal Mines Act of 1930, Another Interpretation." Quarterly Journal of Economics (1936): 313–332. in JSTOR; Lewis, B. Coal mining in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (Longman, 1971). McIvor, Arthur and Ronald Johnston. Miners' Lung: A History of Dust Disease in British Coal Mining 2007) ISBN 978-0-7546-3673-1
The bulk of Western Australian ore went to China, which imported 82 percent of the 2018–19 production, followed by Japan with 7.9 percent. [5] In the calendar year 2019, the Western Australian Government received A$4.9 billion in royalties from the iron ore mining industry in the state, 288% more than a decade ago in 2009. [6] [5]