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Scholars of Ashanti history, such as Larry Yarak and Ivor Wilkes, disagree over the power of this sophisticated bureaucracy in comparison to the Asantehene. However, both scholars agree that it was a sign of a highly developed government with a complex system of checks and balances .
A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government. The term bureaucrat derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. [1]
Bureaucracy puts us in an iron cage, which limits individual human freedom and potential instead of a "technological eutopia" that should set us free. [15] [17] It is the way of the institution, where we do not have a choice anymore. [18] Once capitalism came about, it was like a machine that you were being pulled into without an alternative ...
Moscow Kremlin, where the highest of the elite Soviet nomenklatura lived. The nomenklatura (Russian: номенклату́ра, IPA: [nəmʲɪnklɐˈturə] ⓘ; from Latin: nomenclatura, system of names) were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy, running all spheres of those countries ...
The term "red tape" is sometimes employed as "an umbrella term covering almost all imagined ills of bureaucracy," both public and private. [2]: 275 However, red tape is usually defined more narrowly as government policies, guidelines, and forms that are excessive, duplicative or unnecessary, and that generate a financial or time-based compliance cost.
A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu.The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. A Qing photograph of a government official with mandarin square embroidered in front A European view: a mandarin travelling by boat, Baptista van Doetechum, 1604 Nguyễn Văn Tường (chữ Hán: 阮文祥, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the ...
The term representative bureaucracy is generally attributed to J. Donald Kingsley's book titled Representative Bureaucracy that was published in 1944. In his book, Kingsley calls for a " liberalization of social class selection for the English bureaucracy," due to the "Dominance of social, political, and economic elites within the British bureaucracy" which he claimed resulted in programs and ...
In 1883, the system of appointments to the United States federal bureaucracy was revamped by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which made the merit system common practice. [4] The merit system determines the fitness of the candidate by the ability to pass a written competitive examination, given by a commission of examiners.