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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
Physcomitrella patens, moss increasingly used for studies on development and molecular evolution of plants. [20] It is so far the only non-vascular plant(and so the only "primitive" plant) with its genome completely sequenced. [20] Moreover, it is currently the only land plant with efficient gene targeting that enables gene knockout. [21]
Crop plant: 714–758 Mbp: 27,421: 2013 [38] Chenopodium quinoa: Chenopodiaceae: Crop plant 1.39–1.50 Gb 44,776 2017 [39] 3,486 scaffolds, scaffold N50 of 3.84 Mb, 90% of the assembled genome is contained in 439 scaffolds [39] Amaranthus hypocondriacus: Amaranthaceae: Crop plant 403.9 Mb 23,847 2016 [40] 16 large scaffolds from 16.9 to 38.1 Mb.
The naming of hybrid animals depends on the sex and species of the parents. The father giving the first half of his species' name and the mother the second half of hers. (I.e. a pizzly bear has a polar bear father and grizzly bear mother whereas a grolar bear's parents would be reversed.)
Artificial chromosomes are manufactured chromosomes in the context of yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), or human artificial chromosomes (HACs). An artificial chromosome can carry a much larger DNA fragment than other vectors. [9] YACs and BACs can carry a DNA fragment up to 300,000 nucleotides long.
Examples in animals are more common in non-vertebrates [51] such as flatworms, leeches, and brine shrimp. Within vertebrates, examples of stable polyploidy include the salmonids and many cyprinids (i.e. carp). [52] Some fish have as many as 400 chromosomes. [52]
This list of sequenced animal genomes contains animal species for which complete genome sequences have been assembled, annotated and published. Substantially complete draft genomes are included, but not partial genome sequences or organelle-only sequences. For all kingdoms, see the list of sequenced genomes.
The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), the schistosome family of flatworms, and some reptiles, e.g. majority of snakes, lacertid lizards and monitors, including Komodo dragons.