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Red beryl, formerly known as bixbite and marketed as red emerald or scarlet emerald, is an extremely rare variety of beryl as well as one of the rarest minerals on Earth. [1] [2]: 19 The gem gets its red color from manganese ions incorporated within the beryl crystal structure. [1] The color of red beryl is stable up to 1,000 °C (1,830 °F).
In 1998, emeralds were discovered in Yukon. Emerald is a rare and valuable gemstone and, as such, it has provided the incentive for developing synthetic emeralds. Both hydrothermal [37] and flux-growth synthetics have been produced. The first commercially successful emerald synthesis process was that of Carroll Chatham. [38]
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be 3 Al 2 (SiO 3) 6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. [2] Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. [2] Most emeralds have many inclusions, [3] so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is
Carroll Chatham (1914–1983) was an American chemist who developed the flux method for synthesizing emeralds. He was the first person to develop a method for creating man-made emeralds that was able to make them commercially available. He founded the jewelry company Chatham which is still selling Chatham emeralds to this day.
Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem , jewel , precious stone , semiprecious stone , or simply gem ) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...
In addition to her work on molecular sieves, Flanigen also co-invented a synthetic emerald, [11] which Union Carbide produced and sold for many years. The emeralds were used mainly in masers (predecessors to lasers) and were even used in jewelry for a time, in a line marketed as the "Quintessa Collection." [12]
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Emery mine on Naxos Island Corundite from the Naxos emery deposits. The corundum is blue, or sapphire.Wet slab, 10 cm (3.9 in) wide. Emery, or corundite, is a dark granular rock used to make an abrasive powder.