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Algorithms to which the Method of Four Russians may be applied include: computing the transitive closure of a graph, Boolean matrix multiplication, edit distance calculation, sequence alignment, index calculation for binary jumbled pattern matching. In each of these cases it speeds up the algorithm by one or two logarithmic factors.
Pancake sorting is the mathematical problem of sorting a disordered stack of pancakes in order of size when a spatula can be inserted at any point in the stack and used to flip all pancakes above it. A pancake number is the minimum number of flips required for a given number of pancakes.
Four glasses or tumblers are placed on the corners of a square Lazy Susan.Some of the glasses are upright (up) and some upside-down (down). A blindfolded person is seated next to the Lazy Susan and is required to re-arrange the glasses so that they are all up or all down, either arrangement being acceptable, which will be signalled by the ringing of a bell.
In Glauber algorithm, if the energy change in flipping a spin is zero, =, then the spin would flip with probability (,) =. The probability distribution according to Glauber Dynamics for the change in energy that would result from flipping the some spin s for different temperatures, T.
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The superflip or 12-flip is a special configuration on a Rubik's Cube, in which all the edge and corner pieces are in the correct permutation, and the eight corners are correctly oriented, but all twelve edges are oriented incorrectly ("flipped").
To work around this limitation, the flip-flop operator would have to be modeled as an abstract data type, parameterized with: a predicate that tells whether to switch the flip-flop on, a predicate that tells whether to switch the flip-flop off. This flip-flop data type would provide a function that queries and updates its state at the same time.
With this knowledge, all EO cases can be solved in repetitions of only one algorithm. CO: Note that executing the Sune algorithm on an Antisune case (again in the correct rotation) will yield a Sune case. Furthermore, any non (Sune/Antisune) case can be transformed into a Sune/Antisune case by executing a Sune algorithm at a correct orientation.