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The Lewy bodies typical to PD are not seen in Mn-induced parkinsonism. [14] Agent Orange may be a cause of parkinsonism, although evidence is inconclusive and further research is needed. [16] Other toxins that have been associated with parkinsonism are: Annonaceae [17] Carbon monoxide [6] Carbon disulfide [6] Cyanide [6] Ethanol [6] Hexane [18 ...
Parkinson-plus syndromes are either inherited genetically or occur sporadically. [2] [3] Atypical parkinsonism and other Parkinson-plus syndromes are often difficult to differentiate from PD and each other. They include multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD).
[13] [14] Neurodegenerative diseases that feature parkinsonism but have distinct differences are grouped under the umbrella of Parkinson-plus syndromes or, alternatively, atypical parkinsonian disorders. [15] [16] Parkinson's disease can be attributed to genetic factors or be idiopathic, in which there is no
Parkinsonian gait (or festinating gait, from Latin festinare [to hurry]) is the type of gait exhibited by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). [2] It is often described by people with Parkinson's as feeling like being stuck in place, when initiating a step or turning, and can increase the risk of falling. [3]
Extrapyramidal symptoms are most commonly caused by typical antipsychotic drugs that antagonize dopamine D2 receptors. [2] The most common typical antipsychotics associated with EPS are haloperidol and fluphenazine. [4] Atypical antipsychotics have lower D2 receptor affinity or higher serotonin 5-HT2A receptor affinity which lead to lower rates ...
Find out what typical and atypical antipsychotics are, what they are used for, how they work, and their potential risks and benefits.