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Molecular orbital diagrams best illustrate isoelectronicity in diatomic molecules, showing how atomic orbital mixing in isoelectronic species results in identical orbital combination, and thus also bonding. More complex molecules can be polyatomic also. For example, the amino acids serine, cysteine, and selenocysteine are all isoelectronic to ...
A hydrogen-like atom (or hydrogenic atom) is any atom or ion with a single valence electron.These atoms are isoelectronic with hydrogen.Examples of hydrogen-like atoms include, but are not limited to, hydrogen itself, all alkali metals such as Rb and Cs, singly ionized alkaline earth metals such as Ca + and Sr + and other ions such as He +, Li 2+, and Be 3+ and isotopes of any of the above.
Azide is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide CO 2, cyanate OCN −, nitrous oxide N 2 O, nitronium ion NO + 2, molecular beryllium fluoride BeF 2 and cyanogen fluoride FCN. Per valence bond theory, azide can be described by several resonance structures; an important one being N − =N + =N −.
4) and is valence isoelectronic with many stable and important species including the perchlorate anion, ClO − 4 , which is used in similar ways in the laboratory. It arises by the reaction of fluoride salts with the Lewis acid BF 3 , treatment of tetrafluoroboric acid with base, or by treatment of boric acid with hydrofluoric acid .
Compounds which are isoelectronic usually have similar chemical structures. For example, methane, CH 4, and the ammonium ion, NH 4 +, are isoelectric and are isostructural as both have a tetrahedral structure. The C-H and N-H bond lengths are different and crystal structures are completely different because the ammonium ion only occurs in salts.
The nitronium ion, [N O 2] +, is a cation. It is an onium ion because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion [NH 4 ] + . It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule NO 2 , or the protonation of nitric acid HNO 3 (with removal of H 2 O ).
Zintl ion clusters can be functionalized with a variety of ligands in a similar reaction to their oligomerization. As such, functionalization competes with those reactions and both can be observed to occur. Organic groups, for example phenyl, TMS, and bromomethane, form exo bonds to the electronegative main group atoms. These ligands can also ...
A nitrenium ion (also called: aminylium ion or imidonium ion (obsolete)) in organic chemistry is a reactive intermediate based on nitrogen with both an electron lone pair and a positive charge and with two substituents (R 2 N +). [1] [2] Nitrenium ions are isoelectronic with carbenes, and can exist in either a singlet or a triplet state.