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In the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Zoskales is described as the only ruler of the region between Ptolemais Theron on the Sudanese coast and the rest of Barbaria. [2] He was described as a miserly person but otherwise upright and had a Greek education. [1]
Both Pliny the Elder and the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea make reference to this port, situated three days away from the initial ivory market at Coloe, itself five days distant from Aksum. This trade across the Red Sea, spanning from the Roman Empire in the north to India and Ceylon in the east, played a crucial role in Aksum's prosperity.
Recorded in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. [30] Could be the king Za Hakli [31] [32] or a local ruler in Adulis. [33] The identification with Hakli has been disputed by some historians because the earliest of the regnal lists post date the Periplus by well over a thousand years [34] Sarguai: No. 4 on Dillmann's list B and no. 6 on list C. [27 ...
Furthermore, excavations in the Stele Park at the heart of Aksum. substantiate ongoing activity in that area since the beginning of the common era. By the 1st century AD, Aksum was described as a "metropolis" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. [5] Several archaeological expeditions have conducted excavations in various parts of Aksum.
The Erythraean Sea (Ancient Greek: Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα, Erythrà Thálassa, lit. ' Red Sea ' ) was a former maritime designation that always included the Gulf of Aden , and at times other seas between Arabia Felix and the Horn of Africa .
Adulis is also mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a guide of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The latter guide describes the settlement as an emporium for the ivory, hides, slaves and other exports of the interior. Roman merchants used the port in the second and third century AD.
Aksum had been a powerful empire during late antiquity, appearing in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and mentioned by Iranian prophet Mani as one of the "four great kingdoms on earth", along with the Sasanian Empire of Persia, the Roman Empire, and China's Three Kingdoms. [2]
View a machine-translated version of the Arabic article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.