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It is a common pattern in software testing to send values through test functions and check for correct output. In many cases, in order to thoroughly test functionalities, one needs to test multiple sets of input/output, and writing such cases separately would cause duplicate code as most of the actions would remain the same, only differing in input/output values.
Since 7 October 2024, Python 3.13 is the latest stable release, and it and, for few more months, 3.12 are the only releases with active support including for bug fixes (as opposed to just for security) and Python 3.9, [55] is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.8 reaching end-of-life.
as a test message was influenced by an example program in the 1978 book The C Programming Language, [2] with likely earlier use in BCPL. The example program from the book prints "hello, world" , and was inherited from a 1974 Bell Laboratories internal memorandum by Brian Kernighan , Programming in C: A Tutorial : [ 3 ]
tox is a command-line driven automated testing tool for Python, based on the use of virtualenv. It can be used for both manually-invoked testing from the desktop, or continuous testing within continuous integration frameworks such as Jenkins or Travis CI. [1] [2] Its use began to become popular in the Python community from around 2015. [3]
Test code is updated as new features are added and failure conditions are discovered (bugs fixed). Commonly, the unit test code is maintained with the project code, integrated in the build process, and run on each build and as part of regression testing. Goals of this continuous integration is to support development and reduce defects. [70] [69]
Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
The Chromium code of Google Chrome is continuously fuzzed by the Chrome Security Team with 15,000 cores. [52] For Microsoft Edge [Legacy] and Internet Explorer, Microsoft performed fuzzed testing with 670 machine-years during product development, generating more than 400 billion DOM manipulations from 1 billion HTML files. [53] [52]
Jupyter Notebooks can execute cells of Python code, retaining the context between the execution of cells, which usually facilitates interactive data exploration. [5] Elixir is a high-level functional programming language based on the Erlang VM. Its machine-learning ecosystem includes Nx for computing on CPUs and GPUs, Bumblebee and Axon for ...