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The firman of 1857 did not ban slavery as such, nor did it ban slave trade: it merely banned the import of new slaves from foreign landa across the borders to the Ottoman Empire. Later, slave trafficking was prohibited in practice by enforcing specific conditions of slavery in sharia, Islamic law, even though sharia permitted slavery in ...
As late as 1908, female slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire. Concubinage was a central part of the Ottoman slave system throughout the history of the institution. [153] [154] Ottoman painting of Balkan children taken as soldier-slaves. A member of the Ottoman slave class, called a kul in Turkish, could achieve high status.
Slavery was a significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy. Slaves were supplied from Europe via the Barbary slave trade , the Crimean slave trade and the Circassian slave trade ; and from Africa via the Trans-Saharan slave trade , the Red Sea slave trade and the Indian Ocean slave trade .
The Kanunname of 1889 was the first Ottoman law against slavery to be enforced by the Ottoman authorities. While slavery as such continued to be tolerated, the African slave trade was reduced from the 1890s onward. [8] The slave trade did, however, continue in a smaller scale until the end of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century, where slaves ...
The slave trade in primarily white girls intended for the harems in the Ottoman Middle East attracted attention in the West. Attempting to suppress the practice, an Ottoman firman abolishing the trade of Circassians and Georgians was issued in October 1854. [65] The decree did not abolish slavery as such, only the import of new slaves.
The public sale of slaves in the Ottoman capital shocked foreign visitors from the West and created bad publicity for the Ottoman Empire, which was painted as barbaric. In the market bazaar for female slaves, the Avret Pazari, for example, slave girls were exposed naked on the auction block and tied in position for prospective buyers to inspect ...
In 1855, the trade in African slaves to Crete and Janina was banned. [2] This was a ban against one route of the African slave trade to the Ottoman Empire. In 1857, British pressure resulted in the Ottoman Sultan issuing a firman (decree) that prohibited the slave trade from the Sudan to Ottoman Egypt and across the Red Sea to Ottoman Hijaz. [3]
It was specifically directed toward the Circassian slave trade in slave girls from the Caucasus, for sexual slavery as concubines in Ottoman harems. It did not ban slavery as such, only the trade in slaves. The decree was only enforced for four years, and retracted in 1858.