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Considering the Northern Sámi spelling in other countries; A common joke, although one with a grain of truth, is that the Northern Sámi orthography changed each time the professor of Sámi languages changed at the University of Oslo, i.e., with Nils Vibe Stockfleth, J. A. Friis, Konrad Nielsen, Knut Bergsland, and Ole Henrik Magga. However ...
Some words specific to the Arctic environment have been loaned to English, specifically: (archaic) morse ('walrus') ← Sámi morša (via Slavic); and tundra ← Kildin Sámi tūnndra 'to the treeless plain' (via Russian).
The time from 1 AD to 700 AD was a time of massive change in Sapmi, as Proto-Sami speakers migrated north from Southern Finland and Karelia to northern Fennoscandia. During this process the Paleo-Laplandic language was supplanted by Proto-Sami, though it is unclear if Paleo-Laplandic had any contact with Old Norse .
According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Sami proto-language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia. [ 9 ] The genetic lineage of the Sami is unique, and may reflect an early history of geographic isolation, genetic drift, and genetic bottle-necking.
The oldest orthography for Northern Sámi in Norway, that of Knud Leem, upholds this tradition. The second tradition goes back to Rasmus Rask's revision of Leem's orthography, as Rask builds on the phonemic principle. North Sámi, Inari Sámi, and Skolt Sámi follow this tradition.
Northern Sámi or North Sámi (English: / ˈ s ɑː m i / SAH-mee; [5] Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯ˌsːɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages.
Aleksandra Andreevna Antonova (Kildin Sami: Са̄нндрэ Антонова; Northern Sami: Sandra Antonova; 5 May 1932 – 8 October 2014) [1] was a Russian–Kildin Sámi teacher, writer, poet and translator. Antonova, who was an active Kildin Sámi language practitioner, participated in the work of preparing the official Kildin Sámi ...
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