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Initially the American Glider Infantry Regiments (GIR) had only two battalions, but later in Europe, the two battalions of the 401st GIR were divided in March 1944 to act as the 3rd battalions of the 325th and 327th GIRs. In March 1945 the 401st Glider Infantry Regiment was disbanded and the battalions formally became part of their new regiments.
A Company of the attached 401st Glider Infantry Regiment was on the east bank of the canal. Concealed German machine guns and mortars inflicted the most casualties. Chaplain Gordon Cosby earned a Silver Star for bravery in the face of the enemy for assisting wounded glider men in front of heavily armed German soldiers.
327th Glider Infantry Regiment: Col. George S. Wear (relieved 9 June 44) Col. Joseph H. Harper. 1st Battalion: Lt Col. Hartford T. Salee (WIA 10 June 44) 2nd Battalion: Lt Col. Thomas J. Rouzie; 1st Battalion, 401st Glider Infantry Regiment: Lt Col. Ray C. Allen; 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment: Col. Howard R. Johnson
The assault—led by 18 tanks carrying a battalion of infantry—pierced the lines of the 327th's 3rd Battalion (officially, the 1st Battalion, 401st Glider Infantry), and advanced as far as the battalion command post at Hemroulle. However, the 327th held its original positions and repulsed infantry assaults that followed, capturing 92 Germans.
Joseph H. "Bud" Harper (May 1, 1901 – August 8, 1990) was a United States Army officer. Harper was the officer who delivered General Anthony McAuliffe's one-word response, "Nuts", to the German request for the surrender of Bastogne.
The 327th Glider Infantry had come across Utah Beach but only its third battalion (1st Battalion 401st GIR) had reported in. The 101st Airborne Division had accomplished its most important mission of securing the beach exits, but had a tenuous hold on positions near the Douve River, over which the Germans could still move armored units.
On February 5, 1944, a damp, wet and cloudy day, Lee was on his way to observe a training exercise by the 401st Glider Infantry Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph "Bud" Harper. Lee suddenly claimed to Harper, "Bud, I can't go any farther, I have a terrible pain in my chest."
The 401st Bombardment Group was activated March 1943 at Ephrata Army Air Base Washington. [3] Its original squadrons were the 612th, [4] 613th, [5] 614th. [6] and 615th Bombardment Squadrons, [7] The initial cadre for the group was drawn from the 395th Bombardment Group at Ephrata and the 383d Bombardment Group at Rapid City Army Air Field, South Dakota.