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The term 'alcohol dependence' has replaced 'alcoholism' as a term in order that individuals do not internalize the idea of cure and disease, but can approach alcohol as a chemical they may depend upon to cope with outside pressures. The contemporary definition of alcohol dependence is still based upon early research.
"Substance use pertains to using select substances such as alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, etc. that can cause dependence or harmful side effects."On the other hand, substance abuse is the use of drugs such as prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, or alcohol for purposes other than what they are intended for or using them in excessive ...
In 2022, Americans drank about 2.5 gallons of alcohol, or 533 standard drinks, in a year, according to a National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism report released in 2024. It represents a ...
In professional and research contexts, the term alcoholism is not currently favored, but rather alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, or alcohol use disorder are used. [4] [2] Talbot (1989) observes that alcoholism in the classical disease model follows a progressive course: if people continue to drink, their condition will worsen.
Since the consumption of alcohol is necessary to develop alcoholism, the availability of and attitudes towards alcohol in an individual's environment affect their likelihood of developing the disease. Current evidence indicates that in both men and women, alcoholism is 50–60% genetically determined, leaving 40-50% for environmental influences ...
Alcohol has been produced and consumed by humans for its psychoactive effects since c. 7000–6600 BC. [21] Alcohol is the second most consumed psychoactive drug globally, behind caffeine. [22] [23] Drinking alcohol is generally socially acceptable and is legal in most countries, unlike with many other recreational substances.