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In contrast to the one-step flow of the hypodermic needle model or magic bullet theory, which holds that people are directly influenced by mass media, according to the two-step flow model, ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them to a wider population. Opinion leaders pass on their own interpretation of information in ...
Opinion leadership comes from the theory of two-step flow of communication propounded by Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz. [1] Significant developers of the opinion leader concept have been Robert K. Merton, C. Wright Mills and Bernard Berelson. [2]
Bernard Reuben Berelson (1912–1979) was an American behavioral scientist, known for his work on communication and mass media.. He was a leading proponent of the broad idea of the "behavioral sciences", a field he saw as including areas such as public opinion. [1]
The two-step theory was popular when it was first introduced, but when it became difficult to actually measure opinion leaders' influence on the public's behavior and their opinions, the multi-step theory was developed. The multi-step theory argues that opinion leaders are influenced by multiple sources. [3] The multi-step flow theory also ...
Supporting this view, other theories combine the concepts of active audience theory and the effects model, such as the two-step flow theory where Katz and Lazarsfeld argue that persuasive media texts are filtered through opinion leaders who are in a position to 'influence' the targeted audience through social networks and peer groups.
Elihu Katz (Hebrew: אליהוא כ"ץ; 21 May 1926 – 31 December 2021) was an American-Israeli sociologist and communication scientist whose expertise was uses and gratifications theory. He authored over 20 books and 175 articles and book chapters during his lifetime and is acknowledged as one of "the founding fathers of regular television ...
Rogers relies on the ideas of Katz & Lazarsfeld and the two-step flow theory in developing his ideas on the influence of opinion leaders. [55] Opinion leaders have the most influence during the evaluation stage of the innovation-decision process and on late adopters. [56]
Agenda-setting theory was formally developed by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Lewis Shaw in a study on the 1968 presidential election deemed "the Chapel Hill study". McCombs and Shaw demonstrated a strong correlation between one hundred Chapel Hill residents' thought on what was the most important election issue and what the local news media reported was the most important issue.